19 Sep Difference between city and township in Michigan
Unlike law enforcement and fire services which are traditionally funded with tax dollars as governmental services, EMS has evolved as an adjunct of the field of medicine, where payment is expected from the patient and third party payers such as insurance companies and Medicare/Medicaid. Law enforcement entities coordinate their efforts so that police officers and sheriff deputies are appropriately deployed; fire departments routinely provide mutual aid when a fire or other emergency requires additional staffing or equipment; and emergency medical services are coordinated to ensure that the most appropriate service is provided regardless of political jurisdiction. Larger townships, as well as other smaller townships have their own police departments similar to those of most cities and many villages. The means by which a charter is approved affects a charter township's taxing ability. The villagers participate in township affairs and pay township taxes in addition to having their own village government. As tax revenues diminish, more communities are likely to impose fees to cover some portion of their public safety expenditures.Four governmental bodies ensure the integrity of the voting process in Michigan:Townships commonly operate cemeteries, parks and recreation programs, and fund senior citizen programs. Some EMS departments only provide pre-hospital emergency treatment, and transportation is provided by another public entity or a private ambulance company. School operating taxes usually 18 mills, are also levied on all property., However a person’s primary residence (homestead) and agricultural property are exempt from this tax. This principle, called “economies of scale,” often exists in services that involve high fixed costs, such as investments in equipment or facilities.Historically, property taxation adhered rigorously to a principle of uniformity—that similarly situated properties would be similarly assessed. In most states, townships take care of local roads in their jurisdictions, but Michigan law transferred responsibility for roads to county road commissions and, most recently, provides the option for county boards of commissioners to transfer road responsibility from road commissions to themselves.Public safety services can be performed by the public entity itself, or it can purchase emergency services from other governmental entities, and public entities can join together to provide emergency services on a cooperative, shared basis. Counties, intermediate school districts, special purpose districts such as a library district and local governments also levy taxes. In the U.S., the term "township" refers to a division of a county, and may include one or more towns, villages, hamlets, or small cities. Gas and weight taxes, on which state and federal transportation systems are funded, are both a consumption tax and an indication of a person’s usage of highways and bridges funded by those revenues.Every parcel of property is located in multiple tax levying jurisdictions. Assessment on individual properties can now increase at a rate not to exceed the rate of inflation or five percent, whichever is smaller. The villagers participate in township affairs and pay township taxes in addition to having their own village government. The revenue stream available to EMS providers allows the private sector to profitably operate in areas where there are enough calls for service that the providers fixed costs can be recovered. The authority from the state for zoning comes from the Michigan Zoning Enabling Act (MZEA). The provision was added to allow for villages that weren't large enough under the provisions of the main act to become home rule cities. Incorporation as a city, however, removes an area from township government. Jointly operated law enforcement entities are relatively rare but may become more common as local governments seek innovative ways to cut costs.On the other hand, services with costs that are mostly personnel-related often increase in cost as the size of the program or service expands. This is because the administrative oversight costs and prevailing compensation increase at rates that exceed whatever economies of scale might result. Charter township status is a special township classification created by the Michigan Legislature in 1947 to provide additional powers and streamlined administration for governing a growing community. Only a very small portion of the taxes collected are retained by the township for its own operating purposes.Cities, and to a lesser extent villages, are intended to have the taxation authority and statutory flexibility to provide a portfolio of services that are restricted only by state and federal prohibitions. Upon incorporation a city is withdrawn from the township(s) in which it was incorporated.Counties are organized into three types or options: general law, optional unified and charter,"PUBLIC HIGHWAYS AND PRIVATE ROADS, Act 283 of 1909, Chapter IV, Section 6"sections 27 (Metropolitan governments and authorities)"PUBLIC HIGHWAYS AND PRIVATE ROADS, Act 283 of 1909, Chapter IV, Section 19"A charter county is organized under Public 293 of 1966 (amended in 1980), the Charter Counties Act, in which a county electorate can organize limited National Register of Historic Places listingsWikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2018Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike LicenseWebsite of the Michigan Townships AssociationAn optional unified county is organized under Public Act 139 of 1973, the Optional Unified Form of Government Act, in which a county board of commissioners must share executive functions with either an appointed county manager (Unified form, Alternative A) or an elected county executive (Unified form, Alternative B).Michigan is divided into 83 counties, the primary administrative division of Michigan. However, when real estate values rapidly accelerated, property assessments similarly increased, which caused considerable hostility to property taxes. However, the Michigan Constitution only authorizes cities, villages, townships, counties and some special purpose district to levy a property tax, and only cities can also levy an income tax.
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